Core Focus DPT

Types of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common yet often under-discussed condition that affects many individuals, especially women who have undergone childbirth, menopause, or other pelvic stressors. It occurs when the muscles and tissues supporting the pelvic organs weaken, allowing one or more organs to descend into or beyond the vaginal canal. Understanding the types, symptoms, and treatment options for pelvic organ prolapse is key to managing this condition effectively.

There are four main types of pelvic organ prolapse, each characterized by the specific organ involved and the direction of descent. These types include:

1. Cystocele (Bladder Prolapse):
   This occurs when the bladder bulges into the front wall of the vagina. It is often associated with urinary symptoms such as leakage, frequent urination, or difficulty emptying the bladder completely.
2. Uterine Prolapse:
   In this type, the uterus descends into the vaginal canal and, in severe cases, may protrude outside the vaginal opening. Uterine prolapse is common in postmenopausal women and can lead to a sensation of pressure or heaviness in the pelvic area.
3. Rectocele (Rectal Prolapse):
   A rectocele occurs when the rectum presses against and bulges through the back wall of the vagina. This can cause difficulty with bowel movements, including constipation or the need to manually support the vaginal wall during defecation.
4. Enterocele (Small Bowel Prolapse):
   In this rare type, the small intestine descends into the upper part of the vaginal wall. Symptoms often include a feeling of fullness or pulling in the pelvic area, especially when standing or during physical activity.

Symptoms of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse can cause a range of symptoms and discomfort, including a sensation of pressure or heaviness in the pelvic area, urinary or bowel issues, and even tissue protrusion outside the body. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals experiencing pelvic organ prolapse.

The symptoms of POP vary depending on the type and severity of the prolapse. Common symptoms include:

• A sensation of pressure, heaviness, or fullness in the pelvis.
• A visible bulge or protrusion from the vaginal opening.
• Urinary issues, such as incontinence, urgency, or difficulty urinating.
• Bowel problems, including constipation or a sensation of incomplete emptying.
• Discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse.
• Lower back pain, particularly after prolonged standing or physical activity.

While mild cases of POP may be asymptomatic, more severe cases often interfere with daily activities and quality of life.

Treatment Options for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

The treatment of pelvic organ prolapse depends on the severity of the condition and the patient’s lifestyle preferences. Options range from conservative management to surgical interventions.

1. Physical Therapy:
   Pelvic floor physical therapy is a cornerstone of non-surgical management. Specialized exercises, such as Kegels, strengthen the pelvic floor muscles and improve support for pelvic organs. Therapists may also use biofeedback or manual techniques to enhance muscle function.
2. Lifestyle Modifications:
   Weight management, avoiding heavy lifting, and addressing chronic coughing or constipation can alleviate symptoms and prevent progression.
3. Pessary Use:
   A pessary is a silicone device inserted into the vagina to support the pelvic organs. It is a non-surgical option that provides symptom relief for many individuals.
4. Medications:
   In postmenopausal women, vaginal estrogen may be prescribed to improve tissue strength and elasticity.
5. Surgical Intervention:
   For severe cases, surgery may be required to repair the prolapse and restore pelvic anatomy. Procedures vary based on the type of prolapse and the patient’s health status.

What To Expect During a Physical Therapy Evaluation

During a physical therapy evaluation for pelvic organ prolapse, you can expect a thorough and compassionate assessment tailored to your specific symptoms and needs.

The session typically begins with a detailed discussion of your medical history, lifestyle, and symptoms, including any challenges with bladder, bowel, or sexual function. The therapist may ask about your physical activity levels, childbirth history, and other factors contributing to pelvic floor health.

A physical examination follows, which may include assessing posture, pelvic alignment, and the strength and coordination of your pelvic floor muscles. This often involves internal and/or external palpation to evaluate muscle tone, flexibility, and areas of discomfort or weakness.

The therapist may also use biofeedback or ultrasound to visualize muscle activity. Based on the findings, they will develop a personalized treatment plan, explain therapeutic techniques, and address any questions or concerns to ensure you feel informed and comfortable moving forward.

Conclusion

Pelvic organ prolapse can significantly impact physical and emotional well-being, but effective treatments are available. Early diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan—often starting with pelvic floor physical therapy—can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. If you’re experiencing symptoms of POP, consult a healthcare professional to explore your options and regain confidence in your daily activities.

Disclosures & Disclaimers

Hey there! Just a heads-up. When you click on my links and make a purchase, I might get a tiny commission. It doesn’t affect my honest reviews and comparisons one bit! I’m all about recommending stuff I’ve personally tried, genuinely love, thoroughly researched, and wholeheartedly endorse.

** The views and opinions expressed on this site belong to Vigeo Ergo Consulting LLC. Any advice or suggestions offered herein are not a replacement for medical advice from a physician or other healthcare professional. My blogs are for informational and entertainment purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.